Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a specialized diagnostic X-ray procedure used primarily to evaluate female fertility and reproductive health. This outpatient examination focuses on the internal structure of the uterus and the patency of the fallopian tubes. During the procedure, a radiologist gently inserts a thin catheter through the cervix and injects a liquid contrast medium containing iodine. As this dye flows through the uterine cavity and into the fallopian tubes, a continuous X-ray machine called a fluoroscope captures real-time images. This allows the medical team to see exactly how the fluid moves through the reproductive tract.

Fertility specialists routinely order an HSG to investigate the underlying causes of female infertility or recurrent miscarriages. It is highly effective for detecting structural uterine abnormalities, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital shapes, and for identifying blockages or scarring within the fallopian tubes that could prevent pregnancy. The procedure is typically performed during the first half of the menstrual cycle, and it provides immediate, vital visual data to guide future reproductive treatments.