A transvaginal scan (TVS) is an internal pelvic ultrasound used to examine a woman's reproductive organs with high precision. Unlike a transabdominal ultrasound, this procedure involves gently inserting a slim, lubricated probe directly into the vagina. Because the probe sits closer to the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and fallopian tubes, it bypasses abdominal fat and bowel gas. This proximity allows high-frequency sound waves to generate exceptionally clear, high-resolution images of the internal pelvic structures, making it a cornerstone tool in modern gynaecological diagnostics and early obstetric care.

Clinicians routinely perform a TVS to investigate unexplained pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and irregular menstrual cycles. It is highly effective for diagnosing ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, and pelvic infections. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in early pregnancy by confirming a fetal heartbeat, tracking early development, and ruling out life-threatening ectopic pregnancies. The procedure is typically painless and requires an empty bladder for optimal viewing.